Improvement in hand-looms



UNITED STATES PATENT OEErcE.

JOHN PELSOR, OF BROOKLYN, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN HAND-LOOMS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 53,330, dated March 20,1866.

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN PELSOR, of Brooklyn, in the county of Schuylerand State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Impro vement inLooms; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, andexact description of the same, reference being made to the accompanyingdrawings, and the letters and figures marked thereon, which form part ofthis specification.

The nature of my said invention consists in several improvements invarious parts of a loom, which are hereinafter particularly specied anddescribed, making a loom at once accurate in operation and easilyoperated.

To enable those skilled in the art to understand how to construct anduse my invention, I will proceed to describe the same withparticularity, making reference in so doing to the aforesaid drawings,in which- Figure l represents a plan or top view of my invention; Fig.2, a vertical section of the same at the line a: in Fig. 1 5 Fig. 3, avertical section taken at the line g/ in Fig. l; Fig. 4, a verticalsection of the treadleframe, showing the arrangement of the gear-shaftstherewith. Fig. 5 is a side view of the gear stems or supports, and Fig.6 shows a detached'view of the picker-stati.

The same letters in the different figures of the drawings indicatecorresponding parts of my invention.

My loom is of that class which is designed to be operated by hand-power,and A represents the main frame of the machine, supporting, by variousconnections, the operating parts.

B represents the roller upon which the warp is wound, and from which itunwinds as the weaving progresses. The ends of the roller are supportedin adjustable bearings or blocks, (marked c c,) which are adjustedlongitudinally by means ofthe wedge-shaped keys b b or by any othersuitable device. These bearings being separately adjustable the tensionof the warp can always be regulated so as to have both sides of the webuniform.

I am aware that the warp-roller has been heretofore supported inbearings having a vertical ad j ustability, which arrangement I do notclaim. I

At one end of said roller are the radiallyarranged pins c, whereby theroller is turned, when desired, and there is also arranged upon theroller the cord d, to which is attached the Weight y, for the purpose ofretardin g and regulating the feed or forward motion of the warp duringthe process of weaving.

There also passes around the roller B and the roller G, upon which thecloth is wound, a cord, e, so that the revolution of the roller Bunwinding the warp shall revolve the roller G and wind up the cloth.This cord e is tightened, when required, by means of the lever z and itsattachments, as shown in Fig. 2.

The warp passes forward from the roller B over the supporting-bar O,through the harnesses or gears in the frames D, and through a reedarranged in the batten or beater E, thence down over the beam F to theroller G, upon which the cloth is wound, as aforesaid.

Upon the said hatten E there are the usual provisions for operating theshuttle, to wit: a suitable groove, the pickers, picker-staff, andshuttle-hooks, the latter being marked I I and the picker-staff J in thedrawings.

Upon the end of the picker-staff there is a pivoted arm, (marked K,) tothe ends of which the cords attached to the pickers are fastened. Bythis arrangement of the pivoted arm K as the picker-staff is thrown fromright to left or the reverse (which motion is produced by the forwardand backward movement of the batten in forcing the lling into the warp)the said arm remains at all times in a right line with the face of thehatten, and thus prevents the wearin g off ofthe cords.

The batten E is provided at each side of the machine with the arms H,which extend downward and are pivoted to the frame A, as shown in Figs.2 and 3.

The gear or harness frames D are attached rigidly to the upright stems.(Marked g and shown in Figs. 4 and 5.) These stems are provided withjoints ath, so as to bend back from a straight line, as seen in Fig'. 4,for the purpose hereinafter specified. These stems have a reciprocatingmotion produced in the manner hereinafter described, and are inclosed inseparate boxes or compartments in the treadleframe, the partitions x x x(shown in Fig. 3) forming the subdivisions.

This subdivision of the treadle-frame prevents the friction of one stemwith another from carrying up a stem and its correspondingl gear at awrong time, and thus producingimperfections in the cloth.

The gears orharnesses are operated by means of an arrangement ot' leversand connections which receive motion .from the batten during its forwardand backward movements.

The treadle-frame is connected to the front cross-bar, F, by means ofthe arm or lever L, attached rigidly to it and pivoted to the bar F, asshown, so as to have a movement about said pivot. To the lower edge oi'the batten E is pivoted the arm V, the opposite en d thereof beingconnected with the arm L by the pivot K, said pivot passing through aslot in the arm V, as shown. To the said arm V, at the pointj, there ispivoted an arm which exends down and is pivoted atm to an adjustableblock, S, on the lever Sy, which block is attached and adjusted by meansof a set-screw passing through a slot in S, as shown in Fig. 3. One endof said lever S is attached by a pivot at the front of the loom, whilethe other end Ais pivoted to the bar T, whose lower end is pivoted tothe reciprocating slide U, which moves up and down in suitablegroovesformed in the treadle-frame for that purpose. The said slide Uhas a groove or recess cut in its interior surface, as shown in Fig. et,for the purposes hereinafter described. The lower end of thetreadle-frame is connected by the cord p to the spring s. lo that sideof the treadle opposite the slide U, and shown in Fig. 2, there areattached, by hinges, near the top of the treadle, as shown, two bars,(marked M,) connected at their lower ends by thc cross-bar R, andprovided also with an intermediate crossbar, O.

Supported upon the rod t, having its rests lin the said hinged bars M,as shown, is the rectangular pattern block or roller N, which revolvesfreely upon said rod t, from which rotating block projects a series ot'pins marked n, which are ot' wood or other suitable material. From thelower end of the said hinged bars M or the cross-bar R there extends acord, q, which is securely attached to the frame A, as shown.

To the side of the treadle-frame, near the top, is attached one end of asteel spring, l), the lower end of which rests against the crossbar Oand holds the hinged bars closely down upon the side of thetreadle-frame.

By the arrangement ot' the lever V, which connects the arm L of thetreadle to the batten E, a movement of the batten forward toward theoperator gives an upward movement to the treadle-frame, and the cord q,attached to the cross-bar R, is adj usted so as to be loose when thetreadle is in this position.

By the arrangement of the lever S and its connections with the slide Uthe same movement of the batten gives a downward motion to said slide,and a backward motion of the hatten gives reverse movements,respectively to the treadle and slide.

Having described the construction of my improvement in looms, I willproceed to describe its operation.

Assuming that the piece is properly arranged in the loom and the weavingabout to commence, and assuming the position of the batten to be at theend of the forward stroke, when the treadle is up and the slide U isdown, we will commence, remarking, however, that the pins upon theslides of the roller N are arranged alternately, so that the pins uponone side press against alternate gear-stems, while the pins upon thenext side ot' the roller, when revolved to the proper position, willpress against the alternate stems. In the position assumed the pins arepressed against the first and third stems, commencing at the rear, whilea quarter revolution of said roller would release the pressure fromthese and bring the pins against the second and fourth. It will beobserved then, that the pins press the lower or jointed end ofthegearstems back, as shown in Fig. 4, upon the shoulder or groove upon theinner face of the plate U, so that by the backward stroke of the batten,which throws the slide U up, the tlrst and third gear-frames are movedup, forming the upward shed crossing and inclosing the thread just leftby the shuttle, and forming a passage for the return of the shuttle.When the slide U has carried the stems g above the pins n, which heldthem in the groove in the slide at r, the spring c' throws the stemsback into the position indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 4,where thesucceedingupward movement ofthe slideUcannot affect them. During thedownward motion of the treadle frame the low er end of the hinged bar Mis moved away from it by the action ofthe cord q, the pressure of thespring P to the contrary notwithstanding. As the pattern-roller N isthus drawn out from the treadle, the -ends of the springs Q, Q, whichrest, as shown, upon the upper half of the outer face of the roller',cause the roller to revolve sufficiently, so that the projection c willcatch upon the lower and inner corner of the roller. As thetreadle-frame moves upward, the action of the spring l? forces theroller back to its place, thus turning the pattern-roller one-fourtharound, bringing the alternate pins against the second and fourthgear-stems, so that the succeeding upward movement of the 4slide U shallcarry up the second and fourth gears or harnesses, making an upward shedinclosing the filling, and so on, the upward movements of the harnessesa1- ternating, as specified.

To prevent the stems from moving up when `not desired, they are providedwith shoulders l,which catch upon the lower edge ofthe arm L, as shownin Fig. 4, which effectually prevents an upward movement vuntil the pinsn force the stems back upon the slide U.

The weight of the warp in the gears keeps them in place, and it may alsobe observed that the irst gear-stem is the longest, and

lthat they grow gradually shorter to the fourth. There should be aboutone-half inch difference in the length of the first and fourth.

Those parts of the treadle-frame and the gear-stems having much wearupon them may be faced or plated with metal to prevent their wearing andgetting out of repair.

By suitable arrangements of the pins upon the pattern-rollerN and spacesin the treadleframe any number of gears or harnesses may be used, andany desired alternation in their movements may be made for weavingdifferent kinds of cloth.

By means of the sliding block S, in which the arm connecting the leverVwith the lever S has its pivoted support m,the upward movement or strokeof the gear-stems is regulated and controlled, as the nearer the bearingm is to that end of S which is attached to the slide U or strap T theshorter will be the upward movement of the slide U, and vice versa.

The operation of the spring s, which is connected with the treadleframeby means ofthe cord p, is to assist the operator in making the forwardstroke of the batten, which beats up the cloth in weaving. As soon asthe said batten E is moved forward so as to carry it past the line ofthepivots connecting the lever V with it and the arm L, the upward tensionof said spring s upon the treadle-frame raises it, and causes the leverV to throw the batten forward upon the edge ofthe cloth and beat it upproperly, While all the force which the operator needs to exert is whatis necessary to start the batten forward7 the spring operating to liftthe treadle and throw forward the batten or beater.

Having described my invention, I will now specify what I claim anddesire to secure by Letters Patentl. The arrangement of the spring s orits equivalent with the treadle-frame and batten and arm V, forassisting the beating-stroke of the hatten, substantially as specifiedand shown.

2. The arrangement of the lever S With the slide U, arm V, and hatten E,operating a set forth and described.

3. Providing the picker-statt' with the pivoted bar K, as and for thepurposes set forth and shown.

4. Supporting the warp-roller B in bearings having a separate horizontaladj ustability, substantially in the manner and for the purposes setforth and shown.

JOHN PELSOR.

Witnesses W. E. MARRs, GEO. B. NICHOLS.

